The+Civil+War

=Natalie Melo & Michelle Dang= = The Civil War =
 * Causes:**
 * differences in northern/southern economies -> north more industrial while south more agricultural + more reliant on slaves
 * **Missouri Compromise** : MO= new slave state ; ME= new free state ; all territories above 3630' line = free --> temporary fix for "balance" in representation between free and slave states --> began sectionalism by producing the line dividing up the US w/ slavery legal in the south + illegal in the north
 * //Uncle Tom's Cabin// by Harriet Beecher Stowe exposed the realities of slavery & brought support to the abolitionist (antislavery) movement
 * **Compromise of 1850** : CA = free state ; new territories would not have any slavery restrictions ; abolition of slave trade in DC ; harsher fugitive slave act (that was much opposed by the Free-Soil Party) ; Utah + NM territories had popular sovereignty
 * **Kansas-Nebraska Act** : NB+KS had popular sovereignty, & the MO Comp. was repealed --> caused major conflict (esp in "Bleeding Kansas") and formed the Republican Party
 * **Pottawatomie Massacre** : group of abolitionists led by John Brown murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers in KS
 * 1859 **John Brown's Raid** : failed slave rebellion
 * **Lincoln** won the presidency as a **Republican** who opposed the spread of slavery
 * **Confederate States of America**


 * Key Aspects:**
 * Many Americans who supported **anti-slavery** viewed the Civil War as a necessary event.
 * While other Americans thought that in time, the slavery issue would resolve itself, the Civil War just speeded things up.
 * One of the most **divided** war that America has fought in - with the south, north, and the states that are inbetween.
 * Most of the Southerners supported the war, while many Americans in the north criticized the gov't's hastiness into entering the war with the Confederates & their army.
 * **Emancipation Proclamation** - a document signed by Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that freed all slaves in the Confederate states.
 * **Black Enlistment** - ^ after the proclamation, many of the freed slaves joined the Union army which was a key advantage.
 * **Southern Divisions** - b/c in the south not every region had slaves, some parts of the South who had limited slavery refused to follow the Confederate government and instead they held their support to the Union.
 * **Union & Confederate Resources** - the northern states/Union army had the upper hand in resources = population was greater, railroad mileage, more farms, more wealth produced, and more factories to produce weapons & supplies.
 * While the **Confederates** had the drive/committement to the Civil War and were fighting in their own territory.
 * **"Green backs"** much of the war aftermath included major inflation b/c during the war the noth printed paper currency that was not backed up by any gold or silver.
 * **First Battle of Bull Run** - (July 1) proved that the war wasn't going to be short or easy to the Union army.
 * **Battle of Antietam** - September 22, 1862 a major Union win that caused Lincoln to write the Emancipation Proclamation.
 * **Union Blockade** - the blockade wasn't fully effective but the Union navy did keep the majority of the supplies from going to the Confederates which had an impact on them.
 * **Gettysburg** - Another major Union victory which weakened the Confederate forces so greatly, they were never able to fully recover.
 * **Battle of Chattanooga** - (Nov. 23 - 25) in which the Union drove the Confederates back to Georgia and then the union army now had control of the Tennesse River, another major accomplishment.
 * Outcomes of the War:**
 * ** 13th Amendment ** abolished slavery
 * ** Confederate lands were destroyed since most of battles were fought there, especially along the MI River b/c Union was able to use it as a major transportation route **
 * ** led up to **Reconstruction of south, which produced the **14th and 15th Amendments** which protected black rights as citizens, but racism still continued in the south (esp due to **Jim Crow laws** that basically legalized segregation)